Acute toxicity of various oral doses of dried nerium. Acute toxicity study of different preparation of oleander. Kaner nerium oleanderindicum is an ornamental shrub or small, densely branched tree, 1 to 10 m tall in the dogbane family apocynaceae. It is one of the best pharmacognostic available in nowadays. Pdf acute toxicity of nerium oleander aqueous leaf. It is very suitable to planting in gardens and along high ways in many cities and villages. All cases reported here occurred during dry season. Smith faculty of agriculture, food and environment, the hebrew university veterinary of jerusalem, israel. The toxic effects of nerium oleander on larvae of the. It contains plumericin, alphaamyrin, betasitosterol, kaempferol, cardioactive. The stamp from yugoslavia in 1967 which depicts the nerium oleander comes from a six stamp set illustrating medical plants.
The compost pile was covered with a polyethylene tarp to retard moisture loss. The clinical features of oleander poisoning are therefore similar to digoxin toxicity and include nausea and vomiting and lethal brady and tachyarrhythmias including asystole and ventricular fibrillation. Nerium oleander has been widely studied for medicinal purposes for variety of maladies. If you think that your animal is ill or may have ingested a poisonous substance, contact your local veterinarian or our 24hour emergency poison hotline directly at 18884264435. Leaves are in pairs of three or whorled, very green, leathery, narrowly elliptic to linear entire. Nerium oleander self poisoning treated with digoxinspecifi c antibodies. Toxicity of nerium oleander 23 and calotropis procera have an activity in the antitumor human cell line test with ed 50 varied in the range of 0.
Toxicity effects of nerium oleander, basic and clinical. Oleandrin and neriine are the most significant compounds of the toxin, which are cardiac glycosides. All part is report to be toxic when consumed, the reason of toxicity is mainly due to the. All parts of this garden plant are considered poisonous oleander poisoning is the accidental or intentional intake of the plant or plant product containing the compound. Nerium oleander is an evergreen shrub or small tree in the dogbane family apocyanaceae.
Oleander poisoning occurs when someone eats the flowers or chews the leaves or stems of the oleander plant nerium oleander, or its relative, the yellow oleander cascabela thevetia. Nerium oleander is a plant that is frequently grown in gardens and public areas. Oleander poisoning occurs from eating the oleander plant nerium oleander, or its relative, yellow oleander thevetia peruviana. A toxic cardiac glycoside isolated from oleander n. All parts of the beautiful oleander contain poison several types of poison.
Acute toxicity of nerium oleander aqueous leaf extract in rabbits. The toxicity of oleander results from several cardiac glycosides. The oleander, or nerium oleander, is considered by many to be the most poisonous plant in the world. Oleander botanical name nerium oleander is a bright flowering plant native to asia. The oleander is an attractive and hardy shrub that thrives in tropical and subtropical regions. Nerium oleander, commonly known as oleander, is an important medicinal plant in indian traditional medicine. Diagnosis of oleander poisoning in livestock francis d. Narrow, willowlike, linearlanceolate, glossy dark green leaves to 5 long have distinctive.
An ornamental shrub to 4m, often with many slender stems from the ground. Oleander nerium oleander clippings of stems, leaves and flowers were shredded with a commercial shredder grinder to make a pile of at least 1m3. Nerium oleander leaves have been found toxic to cattle, causing death within 36 h 49. Clinical and pathological features of nerium oleander. Pharmacological effects of plant including antinociceptive, antiinflammatory, and anticancer activity were reported, but. It is native to tropical and subtropical regions, and grows in the wild in many parts of texas, arizona, nevada and. Oleander poisoning archives of disease in childhood. Nerium oleander or aldefla, as it is call locally, is permanent green shrubs, which carry flowers of different colors. Hplc assay is perhaps the best way to track oleander toxicity. J histopathological effects of aqueous extract of oleander nerium oleander flower in albino male mice.
Suspected nerium oleander poisoning in a dog mygdal, s. Do not use it to treat or manage an actual poison exposure. Oleander poisoning uf health, university of florida health. Acute cattle intoxication from nerium oleander pods. A toxicity studies on nerium oleander leaf extract in male albino mice. Nerium oleander, commonly called oleander, is an upright, rounded evergreen subtropical to tropical shrub that is valued for its abundant, fragrant, summer to fall flowers. This flowering shrub, evocative of new orleans and billy holiday, is commonly used for roadside landscaping due to its forgiving nature towards poor soil. Oleander nerium oleander is an evergreen shrub or small tree that is prized by home gardeners for its showy, funnelshaped blooms.
Oleander is an evergreen plant with leathery leaves and fragrant funnelshaped flowers that comes in various colours from pink to red, white, peach and yellow and is a wellknown poisonous plant containing numerous toxic complexes. Dwarf, doubleflowered and variegated varieties are now popular. Oleander nerium oleander is an ornamental, evergreen shrub. Purple, pink or white fivepetaled funnelshaped flowers in clusters terminal cymes. The present study was performed to scrutinize the toxic effect of n. Flowers grow in clusters in terminal branches, each 2. Seven outbreaks of acute intoxication from oleander nerium oleander in cattle were reported in northeast of brazil. A preliminary study on the efficacy of nerium oleander l. It is also extremely toxic and one leaf can kill a child. Two of the outbreaks resulted from offering oleander triturated and mixed with fodder.
Acute cardiac toxicity of nerium oleanderindicum poisoning kaner poisoning. Circuitous diagnosis in concealed selfpoisoning with. Oleander is produced recently in pots and hence, large scale. It is commonly known as oleander but has many other names like nerium indicum mill. Oleander poisoning information mount sinai new york.
Subacute toxicity of nerium oleander ethanolic extract in mice. A naturally occurring toxin in oleanders cardenolide glycosides, when ingested in certain quantities, can be harmfulfatal to humans and pets. A total of 92 cattle were poisoned by oleander in 7 different herds. It is now widely planted as a droughttolerant ornamental in the southern united states and mexico. Figure 1 is a native plant of the mediterranean region and tropical asia. Anvirzel and oleandrin are extracts of oleander induce cell death in human cancer cells 22. An overview of the toxic effects of oleander in humans. Study of troponin, creatine kinase biomarkers, and. Oleanders contain within their tissues cardenolides that are capable of exerting positive inotropic effects on the hearts of. The common pink oleander, nerium oleander, and the yellow oleander, thevetia peruviana, are the principle oleander representatives of the family apocynaceae. It bears flowers in clusters with white, pink, yellow and red colours.
Two of the most potent are oleandrin and neriine, known for their powerful effect on the heart. The modern as well as traditional uses make this plant much more valuable. Leaves of defli in the form of plaster are an effective herbal remedy for treating back pain and knee pain 12. The acute toxicity of dried nerium oleander leaves to najdi sheep is described in 12 sheep assigned as untreated controls, n. Toxicity in goats caused by oleander nerium oleander. Some central nervous system activities of nerium oleander. Oleander is an attractive evergreen shrub that is commonly found in gardens and landscapes due to its beautiful usually pink showy flowers. Toxicity studies of animals administered nerium oleander extract showed that rodents and birds were relatively insensitive to the cardiac glycosides of this plant 49. Oleander top 10 most poisonous plants howstuffworks. Cooperative extension, which staffs local offices in all 100 counties. Toxic effects of nerium oleander aqueous leaf extract on. Nerium ads key ingredient is a beautiful, but also deadly plant, the nerium oleander. International oleander society welcome to the wonderful. Since this toxin occurs primarily in the sap, be sure to wash hands thoroughly after pruning or handling plant parts.
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